The Death Of A Boy - 874 Words

One afternoon, I watched over a group of toddlers playing in a nursery. I noticed a little boy playing with a jack-in-the-box. He kept turning the crank on the box and giggling when the lid popped open and jack sprang out. He’d eagerly stuff jack back into the box and start turning the crank again. I kept hearing the melody of â€Å"Pop goes the Weasel† over and over. I noticed another little boy gawking out of the corner of my eye. He was sitting a few feet away from the jack-in-the-box. I could tell he desired to play with it. Two of the other toddlers started crying and distracted the boy with the jack-in-the-box. While he was distracted, the gawking toddler grabbed it and started turning the crank. This toddler was confronted with temptation and he gave into it. Temptation is the desire to do something sinful. Temptation is something every man, woman and child confront. A toddler might be tempted to steal a toy away from another child. A teenager might be tempted to drink alcohol. A husband might be tempted to commit adultery. We deal with temptation from the time we come into this world and throughout our lives. If you are a Christian, you should know there is a way to overcome temptation. 1 Corinthians 10:13 says, â€Å"There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it† (The Open Bible KingShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Boy1252 Words   |  6 Pageslong time ago, a boy lived happily with his mother. The boy was chubby and small; he had very dark hair and extremely large glasses; he seemed to be a flibbertigibbet, an oddball child with a very introverted outlook on life along with knowledge beyond his years. He and his mother were but simple Dysart folk that brought no harm to anyone, but harm unfortunately came their way in the form of the mother bec oming very ill with a stroke. This caused a great deal of difficulty for the boy as his persistentlyRead MoreThe Death Of A Young Boy1199 Words   |  5 PagesAs a young boy suffers from cancer in his room, wouldn’t he want to be vulnerable to any of these illnesses? He had to overcome through many types of treatments that never helped. He wants to know if he will beat it, but doctors know that he won’t be able to. Isaac Canales, a young boy, was only five years old when he was told he had cancer. He is just one of millions of young boys and girls who suffering from illnesses all over the world. Although, we are just at home having no problem with anyRead MoreDeath Is The Mental State Of The Boy913 Words   |  4 Pagesof literature, death can be represented physically or mentally in characters. In all stories involving death, death becomes inevitable. In â€Å"Out, Out-† by Robert Frost, death is the physical state of the boy and is an accident full of frigh t, while in â€Å"Disabled† by Wilfred Owen, death is the mental state of the narrator and the monotony of his life became after losing his legs; however, both poems illustrate the idea that life continues after one’s death. In a physical sense, death can be quick andRead MoreA Boy and the Death of His Best Friend734 Words   |  3 Pageswas nothing he could do about it. After the service, Tommy didnt feel like going to the wake so he went home, he sat in is bedroom and thought of all the good times that him and Graeme had together, he browsed through 2 full photo albums of the two boys together. Tommy realised that he cant dwell in the past because its not going to change anything, instead he has to focus on the future and making his family and friends proud. It took Tommy two weeks to feel ready to go back to school, the was dreadingRead MoreDirect From Death Row The Scottsboro Boys1405 Words   |  6 PagesIn Mark Steins play, Direct from Death Row the Scottsboro Boys, we follow nine young boys on a journey through the American justice system and how they got there in the first place. An ordinary train ride, a tat with some white boys, and an accusation that turns the world of these nine boys upsid e down. This modern tragedy is the story of these young boys’ lives, and is the premise of how Aristotle s poetics came to be. Aristotle came up with these ideas through natural philosophy which is definedRead MoreExperiencing Death At Four Years Old Boy1251 Words   |  6 PagesExperiencing Death at Four-Years-old The afterlife is supposed to be a mystery, or is it? while analyzing two very different afterlife experiences in Heaven is for Real and I Have Lived Before. Both stories paint a picture of the afterlife for two individuals, one being a four-year-old boy; Colton Burpo. The other being Shanti Devi, also a four-year-old. Colton takes a life changing journey to heaven and receives tremendous support from his Christian family to share his story. Shanti is a youngRead MoreHakim: An Afghan Boy and his Death Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagesthat everyone called the Taliban. But Hakim knew that the Taliban were not murderers. He was certain that what they did was only for the good of the people. They had never harmed anyone before. But all that changed with the humiliating and public death of the leader of the gang, his father. Hakim could not forgive the monsters that were the American Military that sought after his father’s blood since he became aware of the world. He could not suppress the anger, which threatened to become volatileRead MoreSuicide Is The Third Leading Cause Of Death For Black Boys Age 13 Essay1995 Words   |  8 Pagesmajor issue in Black adolescents, suicide is the third leading cause of death for Black boys age 13 to 17 (CDC, 2014). That surpasses the number of deaths due to chronic diseases such as cancer, HIV and diabetes (CDC, 2014.). CDC reports show that in 2014 there were 68 adolescents that completed suicide and 1131 reported attempts (CDC, 2014). Not all suicide attempts are reported. Suicide accounted for 10 percent of deaths of adolescents in 2014 (CDC, 2014). While the loss of life is significantRead MoreThe Death Of A Young Boy Who Could Not Grow Up And Enjoy The Spoils Of Human Life951 Words   |  4 PagesAylan Kurdi is the name of a young boy who could not g row up and enjoy the spoils of human life. At the age of three, the innocent body washed up on the shores of the Greek Island of Kos on September of 2015. Images circulated around the globe of a lifeless body face down in the dirty sands of the beach. International outcry attempted to prompt change to a growing problem our world has not seen since the 1930’s and the domination of the Third Reich. Aylan’s death is a heartbreaking and an unfortunateRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Jake Pond 950 Words   |  4 PagesDeath is inescapable. In the same way, life is inescapable. The Appalachian short story, â€Å"Jake Pond†, portrays this inevitable cycle through the depiction of a young boy enjoying nature. Lou Crabtree writes of the many inner workings of life through symbolism. While some would say this story is a literal telling of a boy and his surroundings, it does, in fact, include a plethora of metaphors to display the complexities of life through figurative language (Crabtree). In Lou Crabtree’s â€Å"Jake Pond†

Evolution of the Hominids - 1290 Words

Modern humans are the only remaining species of the hominids, a branch of great apes which characterized by posture, dexterity, sociality and uses tools which trend towards larger and more complex brains. Early hominids, for example the australopithecines had more apelike brains and skulls, are less often thought to as human than hominids of the genus of Homo. Homo heidelbergensis are considered to be the most likely to form the line of ancestry of modern humans. Homo sapiens began to reach their modernity about 200,000 years ago. They began to exhibit behavioral towards modern era around 50,000 years ago. Humans have become the most cosmopolitan species at the earth that established their populations on all parts of earth except the smallest, driest, and coldest lands. They also permanently manned spaces in Antarctica, on area offshore platforms, and also orbiting the earth. Humans are distinguished by their relatively larger brain with its, prefrontal cortex and temporal lobes, which enable high levels of reasoning, language, problem solving, and culture through social learning. Human uses tools to a much higher degree of complexity than any other animal, and are the only known species to build fires and cook their food, as well as using cloths and also creating numerous other technologies and arts. Humans are also uniquely adept in utilizing systems of symbolic communication, such as language and art which they used for self-expression, exchanging ideas, andShow MoreRelatedHominid Evolution2435 Words   |  10 PagesHominid Evolution The evolution of hominids has been and still is a heated topic of debate. Many scientists debate over which species can be classified as â€Å"human†. The root hominid refers to members of the family of humans, Hominidae, which consists of all species on our side of the last common ancestor of humans and living apes. The time split between humans and living apes used to be thought of fifteen to twenty millions of years ago, but now the time period has shifted to around fiveRead MoreThe History of Hominid Evolution Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesWhat evidence shows the changing from the early hominids to the modern humans? Throughout the human evolution body parts like legs and harms have changed for the better. By the early hominids being biped, meaning they are able to stand and even walk on two feet, it helped them to be able to do more things like getting around more and help with their tool making and hunting. A lot of the fossils discovered were found in the Great Rift Valley in East Africa, which contained many different lakesRead MoreBipedalism : What Is That All About?1114 Words   |  5 Pages Bipedalism: What is that all about? The issue at hand in these articles is the evidence for the development of bipedalism in hominids. Bipedalism seems to be one of the most important factors in the evolution of mankind and therefore the surrounding debate is rife with various hypotheses as to the background of this development in hominid evolutionary history. Although each of the three articles reviewed in this essay make different arguments, each seem to be cogent in their own way and do seemRead MoreThe Evolution of Man1269 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of man Describe the evolution of man Georgina Taylor 10/10/2012 Word count: 1141 â€Æ' The Evolution of Man The greatest mysteries of science, a subject which intrigues us all is how exactly the human species evolved. Evolution is the sequential process of change over periods of time which shape and establish the formation of modern man. Evolution is a term derived from the Latin wordRead MoreHuman Evolution Is The Process Of Change By Which People Originate From Apelike Ancestor?1239 Words   |  5 Pages Hominid Skull Evolution Sharmili Lakshmanan Bio 1107 Introduction: Human evolution is the process of change by which people originate from apelike ancestor. Behavior traits and scientific evidence show that people are originate from apelike ancestor. Humans first evolved in Africa, and much of human evolution occurred on that continent. The process of evolution involves a series of natural changes that cause species toRead MoreHominids Development of Bipedalism Essay616 Words   |  3 Pagesevolutionary phenomenon was happening in Africa. Early hominids, man’s ancestors, were beginning a giant leap in their evolution. These hominids were moving out of the forest and beginning to walk upright, out on the open plains (Fagan, 98). This change from quadrupedalism was the most significant adaptation that ever happened to these early hominids. It caused many adaptations that make man what he is today. This process occurred in early hominids for many different reasons, each reason helping toRead MoreThe Anatomy of Homo Sapiens is Unique1170 Words   |  5 Pagesother species is the utilization of bipedal locomotion. Humans have established a unique way of moving from one location to another that is due to the evolution numerous anatomical developments over millions of years. Hominid bipedalism has evolved as a product of natural selection, a theory coined by Charles Darwin in 1859. This theory of evolution through the process of natural selection explains that some organisms are more reproductively fit than others. Therefore, these organisms are able toRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Speech1392 Words   |  6 PagesThe Evolution of Human Speech As human we can communicate via our speaking ability to express our feelings, as a way to deliver the message we want another. These articles that I read discuss the anatomical prerequisite for humans to gain the ability to speak such as the absent and present of the air sac in hominids. Morphological changes of the face structure such as the reduced growth of the palate and the descent of the larynx. The controversial hypotheses of the hypoglossal canal size are indicativeRead MoreThe Role Of Physical Anthropology On Human Evolution843 Words   |  4 PagesHow have they become so advanced, when compared to that of similar species? Many have sought to find out the answer, and have found some clues that can be quite interesting. The best way to answer these questions is through the idea of evolution. Evolution, from a biological perspective, is the belief that changes within species takes place over a period of time, but that those species can be tied to a common ancestor. (Park, 2011) Through physical anthropology this idea can be supported. ThereRead MoreCreation Myths And Its Impact On Society1188 Words   |  5 Pagesacross the world, we must first understand what hominids came before it and their contribution to the evolution of the Homo sapiens. First we have the Australopithecus â€Å"southern apelike creature of Africa† which had no language and was certainly not as intelligent as the hominids that proceeded it. Next we have the Homo habilis who was instrumental in the art of tool making. Following the Home habilis was the Homo erectus, which was the first hominid to be in the upright walking position scientifically

Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary Free Essays

Tarek Sahyoun AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary * Bedouins are pretty much the stereotypical Arabs because of their culture based on herding camels and goats * I would have liked to be a Shaykh if I lived in a Bedouin society because they usually possessed large herds. * It is a Muslim practice to pray toward the city of Mecca. * I was surprised to hear that Muhammad’s flight to Medina began the Muslim calendar. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary or any similar topic only for you Order Now * The Umayyad clan dominated Mecca, and later became a Muslim dynasty. * Muhammad is the prophet that started the religion of Islam, which even today is a major religion. My grandmother reads the Qur’an in her free time. * If one is Muslim, one must always have faith in the Umma. * Muslims must pay zakat to the mosques to allow them to keep functioning. * The Five Pillars are the set of rules that all Muslims must follow. * Caliphs were doubted by many because they took the place of Muhammad although there were no official procedures to have someone follow the prophet. * Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. * Abu Bakr had the privilege of succeeding Muhammad as the first caliph. * The Ridda Wars following Muhammad’s death restored the unity of Islam. Jihad was the Islamic holy war. * Mu’awiya was the first Umayyad caliph and had a capital was Damascus * Today, Sunnis make up most of the Muslim population. * Today, Shia’s make up the minority of the Muslim population * Mawali people had many restrictions, although they were granted the right convert to Islam. * Dhimmis were known as â€Å"the people of the book† who originally included the Jews and the Christians. * The Abbasids dynasty succeeded the Umayyads after a long rivalry had ended. * Hadiths are â€Å"traditions† of the prophet Muhammad Wazir was the chief administrative official under the Abbasids * Dhows were used by Arab merchants, and helped them be very successful in quick trade. * The Ayan was the wealthy landed elite that emerged under the Abbasids * Al-Mahdi failed to reconcile Shi’a moderates to his dynasty and to resolve the succession problem. * Harun al-Rashid was the most famous of the Abbasid caliphs * Buyids were Persian invaders of the 10th century that captured Baghdad * The Seljuk Turks were nomadic invaders from central Asia * There have been several accounts of Crusades in history of the world. Salah-ud-Din reconquered most of the crusader kingdoms. * Ibn Khaldun was a great Muslim historian * Al-Razi was a scientist who was incorrect, and classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral. * Al-Biruni –was an advanced scientist who calculated the specific weight of major minerals. * The Ulama was made up of Islamic religious scholars. * Al-Ghazali was a brilliant Islamic theologian * Sufis were Islamic mystics, and spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions. * Mongols were central Asian nomadic peoples, and later had one of the largest empires in the world. Chinggis Khan was a Mongol ruler, who would later play a large role in the history of the Mongols. * Mamluks were rulers of Egypt who descended from Turkish slaves * Muhammad ibn Qasim is respected because he was once the Arab general who conquered Sind and made it part of the Umayyad Empire * Although they are Arabic numerals, they are actually Indian. * Mahmud of Ghazni was ruler of an Afghan dynasty. * Muhammad of Ghur was a Persian rul er of a small Afghan kingdom. * Sati was a very cruel way of dying, for widowed women had to be burned with their deceased husbands. Bhaktic cults were Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses. * Kabir was Muslim mystic who played down the differences between Hinduism and Islam * Shrivijaya was the trading empire based on the Malacca straits * Malacca was a flourishing trading city in Malaya that was established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya. * Demak was most powerful of the trading states on the north Java coast. Stateless societies -societies of varying sizes organized through kingship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states * Maghrib is the Arabic term for northwestern Africa * The Almoravids built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * The Almohadis built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * Ethiopia is a Christian kingdo m in the highlands of eastern Africa * Sahel is the term for the extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara. Sudanic states are states trading with north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways * Mali is a state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers * Juula were Malinke merchants who traded throughout the Mali Empire and west Africa * Mansa was title of the ruler of Mali * Ibn Batuta was an Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world * Kankan Musa was legendary because of the wealth distributed along the way on a pilgrimage to Mecca. * Sundiata created a unified state that became the Mali Empire. * Songhay was the successor state to Mali. * Hausa states combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs. East African trading ports were urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures. * Demographic transition is the term for the change from slow to rapid population growth. * Nok was the central Nigerian culture with a highly devel oped art style. * Yoruba was a highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturists organized into small city-states. * Luba peoples created a form of divine kingship where the ruler had powers ensuring fertility of people and crops. * Great Zimbabwe incorporated the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa * Justinian was a Byzantine emperor who failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire. The Body of Civil Law was the emperor Justinian’s codification of Roman law. * The Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water was known as Greek fire. * Icons are images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians. * Iconoclasm was the action of breaking of icons. * Manzikert was the Seljuk Turk victory which resulted in loss of the empire’s rich Anatolian territory * Cyril and Methodius were Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans. * Kiev was a commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavia ns. Rurik is regarded as founder of Kievan Rus’ in 855. * Vladmir I was a ruler of Kiev that converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity. * Russian Orthodoxy was a Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire. * Yaroslav was the last great Kievan monarch. * Boyars were Russian land-holding aristocrats. * Tatars were Mongols who conquered Russian cities. * The Middle Ages is known as the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th century. * Gothic architecture is an architectural style developed in Western Europe. Vikings were seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe. * Manorialism was a rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages. * Serfs were peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system. * The three-field system was the practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage. * Clovis was a ki ng of the Franks. * The Carolingians was royal house of Franks. * Charles Martel was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. * Charlemagne was a Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany. Holy Roman emperors were political heirs to Charlemagne’s empire in northern Italy and Germany. * Feudalism was a personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service. * Vassals were members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. * The Capetians were a French dynasty. * William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy. * The Magna Carta represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law. Parliaments are bodies representing privileged groups. * The Hundred Years War was a major conflict between England and France. * Pope Urban II organized the firs t Crusade in 1095. * Investiture is the practice of appointment of bishops * St. Clare of Assisi is the founder of a woman’s monastic order * Gregory VII is a pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops * Thomas Aquinas was a creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning. Scholasticism is a dominant medieval philosophical approach. * Troubadours gave a new value to the emotion of love in Western tradition. * The Hanseatic League was an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance * Jacques Coeur’s career as banker to the French monarchy demonstrates new course of medieval commerce * Guilds stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities * The Black Death significantly reduced Europe’s populati on. Columbus referred to the Native Americans as Indians. * Toltecs established capital at Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. * Aztecs also known as the Mexica established a large empire. * Tenochtitlan became center of Aztec power. * Calpulli were clans in Aztec society. * I think it would be pretty cool to work on a Chinampa. * Pochteca specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. Inca socialism was an interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia * The Inca was a group of clans centered at Cuzco. * Pachacuti began the military campaign that marked the creation of an Inca empire * Huayna Capac brought the empire to its greatest extent * Split inheritance is an Inca practice of ruler descent * Curacas were local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty. * Tambos were supply centers for Inca armies Quipu -system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in plac e of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records * Period of the Six Dynasties -era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han * Wendi -member of prominent northern Chinese family during the era of Six Dynasties; established Sui dynasty in 589, with support from northern nomadic peoples * Li Yuan -Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over the empire after the assassination of Yangdi; 1st Tang ruler * Ministry of Public Rites -administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty * Jinshi -title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office * Chan Buddhism -call Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite * Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism -emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses * Wuzong -Tang emperor (841-847); p ersecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism * Khitan nomads -founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture * Zhao Kuangyin -general who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu * Zhu Xi -most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life * Wang Anshi -Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society * Southern Song -smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history * Jurchens -founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forces Song to flee south * Grand Canal -great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin * Junks -Chinese ship s equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula * Flying money -Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency * Footbinding -male imposed practice to mutilate women’s feet in order to educe size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household * Bi Sheng -11th c artisan; devised technique of printing with movable type; made it possible for China to be the most contemporary literate civilziation * Taika reforms -attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army * Fujiwara -mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power * Bushi -regional warrior leaders i n Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies * Samurai -mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor * Seppuku -ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor * Gumpei wars -waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira * Bakufu -military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai * Shoguns -military leaders of the bakufu Hojo -a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor * Ashikaga Takuaji -member of Minamoto family; overthrew KamaKura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino * Daimyos -warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states * Choson -earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 BCE * Koguryo -tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification * Sinification -extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions * Yi -dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence * Trung Sisters -leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society * Khmers and Chams -Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi * Nguyen -southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that hallenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi * Chinggis Khan -born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; beg an the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 * Tumens -basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units * Tangut -rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; during the southern Song period; conquered by Mongols in 1226 * Shamanistic religion -Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits * Batu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 * Golden Horde -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c * Prester John -a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan * Ilkhan khanate -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire * Hulegu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad * Mamluks -Mu slim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 * Kubilai Khan -grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 * Chabi -influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China * Nestorians -Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions * White Lotus Society -secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty * Ju Yuanzhang -Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty * Timur-i-Lang -last major nomad leader; 14th c, known to the West as Tamerlane; Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 * Ottoman Empire -Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire * Ming Dyn asty -replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China * Zheng He -Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean * Renaissance -cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced iterature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages * Portugal, Castile, and Aragon -regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda * Vivaldi brothers -Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the â€Å"Indies†; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic * Henry the Navigator -Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in last postclassical Europe * Ethnocentrism -judgin g foreigners by the standards of one’s own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history How to cite Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary, Essay examples

Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary Free Essays

Tarek Sahyoun AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary * Bedouins are pretty much the stereotypical Arabs because of their culture based on herding camels and goats * I would have liked to be a Shaykh if I lived in a Bedouin society because they usually possessed large herds. * It is a Muslim practice to pray toward the city of Mecca. * I was surprised to hear that Muhammad’s flight to Medina began the Muslim calendar. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary or any similar topic only for you Order Now * The Umayyad clan dominated Mecca, and later became a Muslim dynasty. * Muhammad is the prophet that started the religion of Islam, which even today is a major religion. My grandmother reads the Qur’an in her free time. * If one is Muslim, one must always have faith in the Umma. * Muslims must pay zakat to the mosques to allow them to keep functioning. * The Five Pillars are the set of rules that all Muslims must follow. * Caliphs were doubted by many because they took the place of Muhammad although there were no official procedures to have someone follow the prophet. * Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. * Abu Bakr had the privilege of succeeding Muhammad as the first caliph. * The Ridda Wars following Muhammad’s death restored the unity of Islam. Jihad was the Islamic holy war. * Mu’awiya was the first Umayyad caliph and had a capital was Damascus * Today, Sunnis make up most of the Muslim population. * Today, Shia’s make up the minority of the Muslim population * Mawali people had many restrictions, although they were granted the right convert to Islam. * Dhimmis were known as â€Å"the people of the book† who originally included the Jews and the Christians. * The Abbasids dynasty succeeded the Umayyads after a long rivalry had ended. * Hadiths are â€Å"traditions† of the prophet Muhammad Wazir was the chief administrative official under the Abbasids * Dhows were used by Arab merchants, and helped them be very successful in quick trade. * The Ayan was the wealthy landed elite that emerged under the Abbasids * Al-Mahdi failed to reconcile Shi’a moderates to his dynasty and to resolve the succession problem. * Harun al-Rashid was the most famous of the Abbasid caliphs * Buyids were Persian invaders of the 10th century that captured Baghdad * The Seljuk Turks were nomadic invaders from central Asia * There have been several accounts of Crusades in history of the world. Salah-ud-Din reconquered most of the crusader kingdoms. * Ibn Khaldun was a great Muslim historian * Al-Razi was a scientist who was incorrect, and classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral. * Al-Biruni –was an advanced scientist who calculated the specific weight of major minerals. * The Ulama was made up of Islamic religious scholars. * Al-Ghazali was a brilliant Islamic theologian * Sufis were Islamic mystics, and spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions. * Mongols were central Asian nomadic peoples, and later had one of the largest empires in the world. Chinggis Khan was a Mongol ruler, who would later play a large role in the history of the Mongols. * Mamluks were rulers of Egypt who descended from Turkish slaves * Muhammad ibn Qasim is respected because he was once the Arab general who conquered Sind and made it part of the Umayyad Empire * Although they are Arabic numerals, they are actually Indian. * Mahmud of Ghazni was ruler of an Afghan dynasty. * Muhammad of Ghur was a Persian rul er of a small Afghan kingdom. * Sati was a very cruel way of dying, for widowed women had to be burned with their deceased husbands. Bhaktic cults were Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses. * Kabir was Muslim mystic who played down the differences between Hinduism and Islam * Shrivijaya was the trading empire based on the Malacca straits * Malacca was a flourishing trading city in Malaya that was established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya. * Demak was most powerful of the trading states on the north Java coast. Stateless societies -societies of varying sizes organized through kingship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states * Maghrib is the Arabic term for northwestern Africa * The Almoravids built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * The Almohadis built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * Ethiopia is a Christian kingdo m in the highlands of eastern Africa * Sahel is the term for the extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara. Sudanic states are states trading with north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways * Mali is a state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers * Juula were Malinke merchants who traded throughout the Mali Empire and west Africa * Mansa was title of the ruler of Mali * Ibn Batuta was an Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world * Kankan Musa was legendary because of the wealth distributed along the way on a pilgrimage to Mecca. * Sundiata created a unified state that became the Mali Empire. * Songhay was the successor state to Mali. * Hausa states combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs. East African trading ports were urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures. * Demographic transition is the term for the change from slow to rapid population growth. * Nok was the central Nigerian culture with a highly devel oped art style. * Yoruba was a highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturists organized into small city-states. * Luba peoples created a form of divine kingship where the ruler had powers ensuring fertility of people and crops. * Great Zimbabwe incorporated the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa * Justinian was a Byzantine emperor who failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire. The Body of Civil Law was the emperor Justinian’s codification of Roman law. * The Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water was known as Greek fire. * Icons are images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians. * Iconoclasm was the action of breaking of icons. * Manzikert was the Seljuk Turk victory which resulted in loss of the empire’s rich Anatolian territory * Cyril and Methodius were Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans. * Kiev was a commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavia ns. Rurik is regarded as founder of Kievan Rus’ in 855. * Vladmir I was a ruler of Kiev that converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity. * Russian Orthodoxy was a Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire. * Yaroslav was the last great Kievan monarch. * Boyars were Russian land-holding aristocrats. * Tatars were Mongols who conquered Russian cities. * The Middle Ages is known as the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th century. * Gothic architecture is an architectural style developed in Western Europe. Vikings were seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe. * Manorialism was a rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages. * Serfs were peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system. * The three-field system was the practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage. * Clovis was a ki ng of the Franks. * The Carolingians was royal house of Franks. * Charles Martel was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. * Charlemagne was a Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany. Holy Roman emperors were political heirs to Charlemagne’s empire in northern Italy and Germany. * Feudalism was a personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service. * Vassals were members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. * The Capetians were a French dynasty. * William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy. * The Magna Carta represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law. Parliaments are bodies representing privileged groups. * The Hundred Years War was a major conflict between England and France. * Pope Urban II organized the firs t Crusade in 1095. * Investiture is the practice of appointment of bishops * St. Clare of Assisi is the founder of a woman’s monastic order * Gregory VII is a pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops * Thomas Aquinas was a creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning. Scholasticism is a dominant medieval philosophical approach. * Troubadours gave a new value to the emotion of love in Western tradition. * The Hanseatic League was an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance * Jacques Coeur’s career as banker to the French monarchy demonstrates new course of medieval commerce * Guilds stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities * The Black Death significantly reduced Europe’s populati on. Columbus referred to the Native Americans as Indians. * Toltecs established capital at Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. * Aztecs also known as the Mexica established a large empire. * Tenochtitlan became center of Aztec power. * Calpulli were clans in Aztec society. * I think it would be pretty cool to work on a Chinampa. * Pochteca specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. Inca socialism was an interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia * The Inca was a group of clans centered at Cuzco. * Pachacuti began the military campaign that marked the creation of an Inca empire * Huayna Capac brought the empire to its greatest extent * Split inheritance is an Inca practice of ruler descent * Curacas were local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty. * Tambos were supply centers for Inca armies Quipu -system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in plac e of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records * Period of the Six Dynasties -era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han * Wendi -member of prominent northern Chinese family during the era of Six Dynasties; established Sui dynasty in 589, with support from northern nomadic peoples * Li Yuan -Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over the empire after the assassination of Yangdi; 1st Tang ruler * Ministry of Public Rites -administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty * Jinshi -title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office * Chan Buddhism -call Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite * Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism -emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses * Wuzong -Tang emperor (841-847); p ersecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism * Khitan nomads -founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture * Zhao Kuangyin -general who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu * Zhu Xi -most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life * Wang Anshi -Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society * Southern Song -smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history * Jurchens -founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forces Song to flee south * Grand Canal -great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin * Junks -Chinese ship s equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula * Flying money -Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency * Footbinding -male imposed practice to mutilate women’s feet in order to educe size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household * Bi Sheng -11th c artisan; devised technique of printing with movable type; made it possible for China to be the most contemporary literate civilziation * Taika reforms -attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army * Fujiwara -mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power * Bushi -regional warrior leaders i n Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies * Samurai -mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor * Seppuku -ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor * Gumpei wars -waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira * Bakufu -military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai * Shoguns -military leaders of the bakufu Hojo -a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor * Ashikaga Takuaji -member of Minamoto family; overthrew KamaKura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino * Daimyos -warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states * Choson -earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 BCE * Koguryo -tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification * Sinification -extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions * Yi -dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence * Trung Sisters -leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society * Khmers and Chams -Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi * Nguyen -southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that hallenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi * Chinggis Khan -born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; beg an the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 * Tumens -basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units * Tangut -rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; during the southern Song period; conquered by Mongols in 1226 * Shamanistic religion -Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits * Batu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 * Golden Horde -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c * Prester John -a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan * Ilkhan khanate -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire * Hulegu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad * Mamluks -Mu slim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 * Kubilai Khan -grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 * Chabi -influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China * Nestorians -Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions * White Lotus Society -secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty * Ju Yuanzhang -Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty * Timur-i-Lang -last major nomad leader; 14th c, known to the West as Tamerlane; Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 * Ottoman Empire -Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire * Ming Dyn asty -replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China * Zheng He -Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean * Renaissance -cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced iterature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages * Portugal, Castile, and Aragon -regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda * Vivaldi brothers -Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the â€Å"Indies†; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic * Henry the Navigator -Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in last postclassical Europe * Ethnocentrism -judgin g foreigners by the standards of one’s own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history How to cite Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary, Essay examples

Engineering leadership of AusElec Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Engineering leadership of AusElec. Answer: Examples of engineering leadership Trait 1: An acceptance of risks and failures, coupled with an urge to make their staff learn and project that go awry. Example 1: In the year 1970, Bill gates and Paul Allen started a company named Traf-O-Data. The company mainly engages in reading as well as analyzing data from various roadways counter in order to create reports for traffic engineers (Shopify Content - For ambitious people like you 2017). Due to the flawed business model the organization losses $3, 494. However in spite of this, the learning experience that was gained helps in the formation of Microsoft. Bill gates accepted risks as well failures of the project as risk taking is one of the indispensable part of leadership. He embedded the various risk factors into decision procedures for achieving more informed decision. He always has an urge to make the staff of the organization learn but the projects go awry. It is identified that after this failure, Bill Gates increased his awareness and expanded knowledge and as result Microsoft became successful. Example 2: The fire phone concept in Amazon is considered as one of the biggest flop and it occurred under the American technology and retail entrepreneur Jeffrey Bezos. Amazon releases its smartphone in the year 2014 but the phone was unable to compete with iPhones and Android phones and as a result the organization loses $170 million (Fortune.com 2017). Even after this failure the organization continued its struggle in the competitive market and now it is worlds largest retailer. The leader accepted risks and failures within the business and continued its business by making their staff learn. It is identified the leader of the organization utilizes strategy of building a learning culture for counteracts the entire blame game and makes it staff comfortable so that they can able to learn from their failures for achieving success. Trait 2: A talent for building and steering winning teams and knack for attracting and retaining innovators Example 1: In the year 1975, Bill gates created a company named Microsoft. It is identified that despite of the hard work the organization at first experiences number of difficulties. The organization does not have appropriate money to hire sales manager (Astrum People 2017). In spite of the difficulties, the leader continued and as a result in 1977 the organization reached final sales of $500,000 dollars. It is identified that Bill Gates was able to build and steer winning teams and knack for attacking and retaining innovators for achieving success. By adopting several appropriate strategies the leader is able to achieve success. Example 2: Bill Gates is able to make Microsoft as one of leading multinational company. This is achieved due to his talent of building winning as well as steering team. It is identified that Bill Gates has proper talent of making successful teams within the organization for achieving success. It is found that the leader utilizes several strategies for achieving success. Trait 3: A high degree of passion for their mission and for innovation, as well as an ardor for sharing their passion with their staff. Example 1: In the year 1997, Amazon sales achieve a profit of $20,000 in a week and after this success, Jeff Bezos shares his passion with his staffs so that they became determined about their work for achieving success (Fortune.com 2017). The leader utilizes effective strategies or techniques for encouraging team members for achieving success. The leaders must provide appropriate opportunities of self-development as well as helps in fostering collaboration for making the staff of the organization more determined about their work. Example 2: IBM is able to successfully develop mobile projects underthe leadership of GinniRometty (Development 2017). The leader has higher degree of passion for her mission and as a result, the organization successfully develops mobile related projects It is identified that the leader utilizes some strategies for making the project successful. According to research, appropriate team with right expertise is one of the key factors for the success of IBM. The leader shares passion with the staffs and as a result proper collaboration among the team members is created that helps in making the project successful. Case study of AusElec communications plan for project and its difference with traditional plan Audience Information Method Frequency responsible Project Team Managing the budget of the transactional project Video conferencing Weekly Project manager Stakeholders Involvement within the project Voice mail Weekly Project manager Project team Progress of the project E-mail Monthly Project manager Vendors Prices of the raw materials Announcement Whenever required Project manager In traditional communication plan, the project manager of AusElec generally relies on oral communication which includes face to face meeting, and telephonic calls. However, in the modern communication plan the project manager cannot relies fully on the oral communication and therefore he utilizes method that include video conferencing, voice calls and email writing (Heagney2016). In traditional communication plan the project manager can be able to communicate with the stakeholders or team member whenever required. But as inn traditional communication plan, all the team members are dispersed the project manager have to maintain a schedule for making an effective communication. In addition to this, modern communication takes appropriate advantage of networked communication for improving collaboration and for achieving success (Larson and Gray 2013). Email and instant messaging technique can be utilized for enabling the team members of the project to share information related with proje ct very quickly. With the help of videoconferencing the team members can be able to set up appropriate meetings. Benefits of face to face communication for Hytrans The benefits of face to face communication for the success of Hytrans include: Create bond: Face to face communication within the project would be helpful in making Hytrans successful because face to face communication helps in building proper relationship as well as bond among the team members of the organization. Create motivation: It is identified that face communication helps in sensing the actual thinking of the person and therefore it will be advantageous for making Hytrans successful (Snyder 2014). Face to face communication also helps in generating motivation among the team members for making the project successful. Keep misunderstandings away: It is found that in face to face communication, the chances of misunderstanding reduce as team members can clear their queries properly (Swanson, Leader and Landrie 2017). Moreover in other forms of communication, the chances of getting misunderstood get higher. Videoconferencing would be the best option if meeting with team members are not possible. Video conferencing is considered as one of the best option because of the following points: No time constraint: It is identified that video conferencing can be conducted whenever required (Nundyet al. 2014). The time difference that exists between various countries does not matter if the project member will utilize this means of communication. Travel saving: Video conferencing is one of the direct replacement for many business person because no cost is needed for involving within the virtual meeting and therefore utilization of video conferencing helps in saving money. Easy communication: People can utilize the option of video conferencing to communicate with any team member of the project(Heagney 2016).This method is found useful as compared to other as this option helps in keeping misunderstanding way as the team member can see each other while conveying messages. References Astrum People., 2017.Bill Gates Biography: Success Story of Microsoft Co-Founder. [online] Available at: https://astrumpeople.com/bill-gates-biography/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Development, M., 2017.4 secrets of successful mobile development projects. [online] Ibm.com. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/mo-4-secrets-of-successful-mobile-development-projects-trs/index.html [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Fortune.com., 2017.Why Amazons Fire phone failed. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2014/09/29/why-amazons-fire-phone-failed/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Heagney, J., 2016.Fundamentals of Project Managementw.AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Nundy, S., Dick, J.J., Chou, C.H., Nocon, R.S., Chin, M.H. and Peek, M.E., 2014. Mobile phone diabetes project led to improved glycemic control and net savings for Chicago plan participants.Health Affairs,33(2), pp.265-272. Shopify Content - For ambitious people like you., 2017.Bill Gates' Biggest 7 Failures Shopify. [online] Available at: https://www.shopify.com/content/bill-gates-biggest-7-failures [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Snyder, C.S., 2014. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Swanson, L.A., Leader, J. and Landrie-Parker, D., 2017.Effectively Engaging with Indigenous Communities through Multi-Methods Qualitative Data Collection and an Engaged Communications Plan.Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning,2(1), pp.39-56.