Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)

Composing a Reference Letter (With Examples) Composing a Reference Letter (With Examples) Composing a Reference Letter (With Examples) By Ali Hale Sooner or later throughout everyday life, you’re in all likelihood must compose a reference letter for somebody. It may be a previous representative or understudy, or even a family companion. Here’s what you have to think about the reason for reference letters and how to compose the best letter conceivable. Note: I will utilize â€Å"candidate† to allude to the individual who the reference letter is about, â€Å"you† to allude to the individual composing the reference letter, and â€Å"recipient† to allude to the individual accepting the letter. I’ll underline here, however, that reference letters are not just for occupation or scholastic â€Å"candidates†, it’s only a convenient term to use to keep this article direct! What is a reference letter and when are they utilized? A reference letter is typically composed to vouch for an individual or (at times) a company’s aptitudes, character as well as accomplishments. Once in a while a reference letter is known as a â€Å"recommendation letter†. It is a proper report, and ought to be composed and written in a genuine and professional style. Reference letters are utilized in a wide assortment of circumstances; there is no complete rundown that covers every single imaginable situation. The most widely recognized models are: At the point when a competitor goes after a position, they may require a reference to help their application. On the off chance that an interviewee is given a proposition for employment, they may need to gracefully a reference letter before the agreement can be agreed upon. An understudy applying for a scholarly course regularly requires a reference letter to help their application. An understudy applying for subsidizing will regularly need to gracefully reference letters. Organizations may utilize reference letters as declarations to their dependability and capacity to do a task well. Forthcoming inhabitants may need to furnish their landowner with a reference letter, vouching for their great budgetary status. (This could be from an earlier landowner or from a current manager.) Who ought to compose a reference letter? On the off chance that you are drawn nearer and approached to compose a reference letter for an occupation competitor, an understudy or an organization, consider whether you can truly do as such. A reference letter is a proper archive, and it is significant that you don't lie or fudge reality in it, or there could be lawful repercussions. On the off chance that somebody needs a reference letter from you: The applicant ought to be somebody you know sensibly well. For instance, you can't give any legitimate remark on the scholastic capacity of an understudy who’s just been going to your talks for seven days. You should know the up-and-comer in a limit which enables you to compose an important reference. For instance, on the off chance that you have worked with the individual, it would be proper for you to compose a reference letter to an imminent boss for them. You ought to have the option to give a legitimate and positive reference. On the off chance that you genuinely feel that the applicant has nothing but bad characteristics for you to accentuation, or on the off chance that you have had a character conflict with them previously, you should advise them to look for a reference letter from another person. What goes into a reference letter? The specific structure of a reference letter will vary marginally relying upon the sort of reference it is, however this is a decent essential diagram: Begin utilizing the business letter group: put the recipient’s name and address, whenever referred to, and address them as â€Å"Dear [name]†. On the off chance that the beneficiary is as of now obscure (this would be likely on a scholarly application, for example), at that point use â€Å"Dear Sir/Madam† or â€Å"To whom it might concern†. It is regularly useful to present yourself in the main couple of lines of your letter. The beneficiary won't need your life history: simply give a short sentence or two clarifying your position and your relationship to the competitor. Your next passage ought to affirm any realities which you realize the applicant will flexibly alongside your letter. For instance, in the event that you are composing a reference for an occupation candidate, a few or these subtleties might be suitable: The person’s work title, and job inside the organization. The person’s leaving pay when they were last utilized by you (or your association). The dates which the individual was utilized from and until. In the event that you are composing a reference letter for a scholarly course, you should affirm the person’s scholastic evaluations. In your third passage, you ought to give your judgment upon the candidate’s abilities and characteristics. It is frequently suitable to express that you would happily re-utilize them, or that their commitments to your school class were exceptionally esteemed. Single out any outstanding characteristics that the competitor has †maybe their drive and excitement, their tender loving care, or their capacity to lead. Where conceivable, utilize your fourth passage to give several solid instances of times when the competitor exceeded expectations. (You might need to request that the up-and-comer inform you regarding any extra-curricular activities they’ve been associated with, or welcome them to feature anything they’d especially like you to remember for the reference letter.) Close your letter on a positive note, and in the event that you are happy to get further correspondence about the candidate’s application, make this understood. Incorporate your contact subtleties as well. Similarly as with any business letter, you should end properly; â€Å"Yours sincerely† when you are keeping in touch with a named beneficiary, and â€Å"Yours faithfully† when you don't have the foggiest idea who will get the letter. Things to maintain a strategic distance from Ensure that you maintain a strategic distance from: Referencing any shortcomings the competitor has. Saying whatever could be interpreted as slander. Writing in a casual way: keep the letter efficient. Jokes, slang and easygoing language are not fitting and may hurt the applicants possibilities. Counting individual data not pertinent to the application. Referencing the candidate’s race, political position, religion, nationality, conjugal status, age or wellbeing is typically wrong. Spelling botches, messy composition or grammatical mistakes: this letter is tremendously essential to the up-and-comer, and you should take care to make it look proficient. Reference Letter Examples There are various acceptable layouts for reference letters accessible on Business Balls. I’ve included one beneath, which would be suitable for a universally useful reference †on the off chance that you were composing a reference in your ability as the candidate’s previous manager, you would need to incorporate progressively explicit subtleties: Date To the responsible party in question I affirm that I have known (name) for (number) years. (State relationship social, business, cooperating in some other limit, club, action, venture, and so forth.) Consistently I have discovered (name/him/her) to be (state attributes eg, trustworthy, dependable, dedicated, reliable, legit, harmony cherishing, respectful, and so on to be as useful as conceivable consider what the peruser will most want to see, regarding fulfilling concerns, or seeing proof of applicable required abilities or qualities). Im glad to give additional data whenever required. (discretionary) Yours dependably, and so on. You can discover instances of full reference letters on About.com’s â€Å"job searching† area. They list letters proper for a wide range of circumstances: here’s one from a past boss on the side of an occupation competitor: To Whom it May Concern: I enthusiastically suggest Jane Doe as a possibility for business. Jane was utilized by Company Name as an Administrative Assistant from 2002 2005. Jane was liable for office support including word handling, booking arrangements and making pamphlets, bulletins, and other office writing. Jane has magnificent relational abilities. Furthermore, she is incredibly sorted out, dependable and PC proficient. Jane can work autonomously and can finish to guarantee that the activity completes. She is adaptable and ready to take a shot at any undertaking that is allocated to her. Jane rushed to elect to aid different territories of organization tasks, also. Jane would be a gigantic resource for your organization and has my most elevated proposal. In the event that you have any further inquiries concerning her experience or capabilities, kindly don't stop for a second to call me. Truly, John Smith Title Organization Address Telephone Email On the off chance that you are as yet uncertain what best to remember for the reference letter, envision yourself in the situation of the candidate’s planned business, or of the board understanding his/her scholastic application. What data would they have to know? What characteristics would they like their possibility to have? Clearly, you ought to never lie or misdirect in a reference letter, yet you should attempt to concentrate on zones which will give the beneficiary the most valuable data conceivable about the applicant. Video Recap Instructions to Ask for a Reference Letter In the event that you’re in the situation of requiring a reference from a past business or from somebody who showed you at school or college, at that point you have to move toward them in a suitable manner. â€Å"Appropriate† may be very formal or very casual, contingent upon your relationship with them. For example, if you’re moving toward a teacher who showed you alongside many different understudies and who doesn't have any acquaintance with you well, it’s proper to be very formal; if you’re moving toward your previous line supervisor, who you shared evenings out and ends of the week away with for a considerable length of time, at that point being formal would appear to be unusually distant. In a genuinely formal setting, you may compose something like this: Dear (name) I trust everything is working out in a good way (at their organization/in their area of expertise). Iâ�

Micro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Small scale - Essay Example Since the company’s beginning into business in 1982, it has become enormously through teaming up, inward turn of events, and key procurement with industry pioneers. All through this development, the organization has extended its innovative mastery nearby more prominent comprehension of their client needs. In supporting its representatives, the association rewards and supports them through a program, â€Å"Total Reward†. In the program, there are far reaching benefits, world-class preparing programs, acknowledgment programs, global profession openings, and worker wellbeing and health activities. On a moral premise, it wasn't right for Edmondson to have made such strides as lying about his capabilities. It was amateurish of him as a pioneer to be found submitting such goes about as driving while inebriated. The organization to demonstrate its innocence it ought to have made Edmondson apologize to the general population after his statement of regret to the board before his abdication. The circumstance influenced the enterprise speculators, governing body and top administrators. There worries for the top managerial staff and top officials were concerned whether the inquiries they were holding out about previous CEO Edmondson would be one day offered an explanation to their delight. Then again, the speculators were worried about why after Edmondson arrangement as CEO the organization battled with slacking stock cost and level deals. The investors’ concerns were influencing the directorate on their believability in having the option to survey the representatives appropriately before doing advancements. The board’s choice was â€Å"tough† this in light of the fact that Edmondson had worked for the organization more than ten years and had made a decent notoriety towards all the organization partners before the news story. Mr. Roberts portrayed this circumstance as such in light of the fact that he accepted that he had settled on the correct decision in choosing, prepping, and coaching Edmondson as his replacement just for such a story to obliterate all that

Q A with The Morningside Posts EIC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Q A with The Morningside Posts EIC COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog After a short break, SIPAs student-run newspaper  The Morningside Post  (TMP) was restarted last Fall in a new and revamped fashion.  Foreign Affairs columnist Mohamed Zeeshan, MIA 2018,  sat down for a chat with Conor McCormick-Cavanagh, the newspapers current Editor-in-Chief, for a sneak peek into what the newspaper does, and what its aims and visions are. So what exactly is the guiding vision behind  The Morningside Post? The guiding vision of TMP is to provide a medium for SIPA students to voice their thoughts, feelings, concerns and analysis. TMP stays as neutral as possible and publishes a range of different thoughtful submissions. What kind of topics does TMP cover? TMP focuses on SIPA issues, on-campus news, human interest stories, world news, opinions, and the SIPA classroom experience.  Some of my favorite pieces this past semester were the human interest stories about SIPA students who come from low-income backgrounds. They spoke about the obstacles they overcame in their paths to the Ivy League. I thought that was the sort of journalism that really captured the essence of what SIPA is all about. I also have appreciated pieces which focus on specific countries or specific leaders. I learned a lot about Eritrea, which I knew very little about before. What are some of your favorite articles from last semester? The post we ran about the obstacles people overcame on their paths to the Ivy League was a huge hit. Similarly, we had articles that touched upon the situation in Gaza and the debate over secularism in France and looked at these important issues through a different lens. Another article that I personally enjoyed was the story on the President of Tanzania not a topic that really dominates mainstream journalism in this part of the world, but a fascinating story nonetheless. Its the kind of writing that we are looking to encourage. What role do you think journalism, which TMP brings to SIPA, plays in a policy school? Journalism plays a large role in a public policy school like SIPA. Student government provides the physical, in-person representation. TMP provides the pen and paper version. Nothing is more powerful than the written word and as future policymakers, we ought to get familiar with the significance of journalism. Right now is both the best and worst time to be a journalist. Governments are cracking down on press freedoms and stifling free speech throughout the world. At the same time, we are living in a fascinating time and there is so much to write about and comment on. Do you have any ideas or plans for the coming semester and year that you want to share with incoming students? This semester, we are adding a team of cartoonists to produce satire. We also hope to continue expanding our video production, so that we are covering more issues around campus and in the New York City area. As the Editor-in-Chief of TMP, what message would you like to convey to students just coming into SIPA? For aspiring journalists or writers,  The Morningside Post  is the best way to get ones feet wet or continue honing his/her craft. Writers and content producers of all levels are encouraged to join and become a part of the TMP family. How can students get involved with TMP? All students need to do to get involved is to email a writing sample to  tmpsipasubmissions@gmail.com  with a few paragraphs saying why they are interested. We encourage a diversity of perspectives in order to help readers think about the world in different ways, so I strongly encourage people to use this platform to air their opinions and views freely.

The Death Of A Boy - 874 Words

One afternoon, I watched over a group of toddlers playing in a nursery. I noticed a little boy playing with a jack-in-the-box. He kept turning the crank on the box and giggling when the lid popped open and jack sprang out. He’d eagerly stuff jack back into the box and start turning the crank again. I kept hearing the melody of â€Å"Pop goes the Weasel† over and over. I noticed another little boy gawking out of the corner of my eye. He was sitting a few feet away from the jack-in-the-box. I could tell he desired to play with it. Two of the other toddlers started crying and distracted the boy with the jack-in-the-box. While he was distracted, the gawking toddler grabbed it and started turning the crank. This toddler was confronted with temptation and he gave into it. Temptation is the desire to do something sinful. Temptation is something every man, woman and child confront. A toddler might be tempted to steal a toy away from another child. A teenager might be tempted to drink alcohol. A husband might be tempted to commit adultery. We deal with temptation from the time we come into this world and throughout our lives. If you are a Christian, you should know there is a way to overcome temptation. 1 Corinthians 10:13 says, â€Å"There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it† (The Open Bible KingShow MoreRelatedThe Death Of The Boy1252 Words   |  6 Pageslong time ago, a boy lived happily with his mother. The boy was chubby and small; he had very dark hair and extremely large glasses; he seemed to be a flibbertigibbet, an oddball child with a very introverted outlook on life along with knowledge beyond his years. He and his mother were but simple Dysart folk that brought no harm to anyone, but harm unfortunately came their way in the form of the mother bec oming very ill with a stroke. 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Evolution of the Hominids - 1290 Words

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Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary Free Essays

Tarek Sahyoun AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary * Bedouins are pretty much the stereotypical Arabs because of their culture based on herding camels and goats * I would have liked to be a Shaykh if I lived in a Bedouin society because they usually possessed large herds. * It is a Muslim practice to pray toward the city of Mecca. * I was surprised to hear that Muhammad’s flight to Medina began the Muslim calendar. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary or any similar topic only for you Order Now * The Umayyad clan dominated Mecca, and later became a Muslim dynasty. * Muhammad is the prophet that started the religion of Islam, which even today is a major religion. My grandmother reads the Qur’an in her free time. * If one is Muslim, one must always have faith in the Umma. * Muslims must pay zakat to the mosques to allow them to keep functioning. * The Five Pillars are the set of rules that all Muslims must follow. * Caliphs were doubted by many because they took the place of Muhammad although there were no official procedures to have someone follow the prophet. * Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. * Abu Bakr had the privilege of succeeding Muhammad as the first caliph. * The Ridda Wars following Muhammad’s death restored the unity of Islam. Jihad was the Islamic holy war. * Mu’awiya was the first Umayyad caliph and had a capital was Damascus * Today, Sunnis make up most of the Muslim population. * Today, Shia’s make up the minority of the Muslim population * Mawali people had many restrictions, although they were granted the right convert to Islam. * Dhimmis were known as â€Å"the people of the book† who originally included the Jews and the Christians. * The Abbasids dynasty succeeded the Umayyads after a long rivalry had ended. * Hadiths are â€Å"traditions† of the prophet Muhammad Wazir was the chief administrative official under the Abbasids * Dhows were used by Arab merchants, and helped them be very successful in quick trade. * The Ayan was the wealthy landed elite that emerged under the Abbasids * Al-Mahdi failed to reconcile Shi’a moderates to his dynasty and to resolve the succession problem. * Harun al-Rashid was the most famous of the Abbasid caliphs * Buyids were Persian invaders of the 10th century that captured Baghdad * The Seljuk Turks were nomadic invaders from central Asia * There have been several accounts of Crusades in history of the world. 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Chinggis Khan was a Mongol ruler, who would later play a large role in the history of the Mongols. * Mamluks were rulers of Egypt who descended from Turkish slaves * Muhammad ibn Qasim is respected because he was once the Arab general who conquered Sind and made it part of the Umayyad Empire * Although they are Arabic numerals, they are actually Indian. * Mahmud of Ghazni was ruler of an Afghan dynasty. * Muhammad of Ghur was a Persian rul er of a small Afghan kingdom. * Sati was a very cruel way of dying, for widowed women had to be burned with their deceased husbands. Bhaktic cults were Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses. * Kabir was Muslim mystic who played down the differences between Hinduism and Islam * Shrivijaya was the trading empire based on the Malacca straits * Malacca was a flourishing trading city in Malaya that was established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya. * Demak was most powerful of the trading states on the north Java coast. Stateless societies -societies of varying sizes organized through kingship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states * Maghrib is the Arabic term for northwestern Africa * The Almoravids built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * The Almohadis built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * Ethiopia is a Christian kingdo m in the highlands of eastern Africa * Sahel is the term for the extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara. Sudanic states are states trading with north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways * Mali is a state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers * Juula were Malinke merchants who traded throughout the Mali Empire and west Africa * Mansa was title of the ruler of Mali * Ibn Batuta was an Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world * Kankan Musa was legendary because of the wealth distributed along the way on a pilgrimage to Mecca. * Sundiata created a unified state that became the Mali Empire. * Songhay was the successor state to Mali. * Hausa states combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs. East African trading ports were urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures. * Demographic transition is the term for the change from slow to rapid population growth. * Nok was the central Nigerian culture with a highly devel oped art style. * Yoruba was a highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturists organized into small city-states. * Luba peoples created a form of divine kingship where the ruler had powers ensuring fertility of people and crops. * Great Zimbabwe incorporated the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa * Justinian was a Byzantine emperor who failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire. The Body of Civil Law was the emperor Justinian’s codification of Roman law. * The Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water was known as Greek fire. * Icons are images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians. * Iconoclasm was the action of breaking of icons. * Manzikert was the Seljuk Turk victory which resulted in loss of the empire’s rich Anatolian territory * Cyril and Methodius were Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans. * Kiev was a commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavia ns. Rurik is regarded as founder of Kievan Rus’ in 855. * Vladmir I was a ruler of Kiev that converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity. * Russian Orthodoxy was a Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire. * Yaroslav was the last great Kievan monarch. * Boyars were Russian land-holding aristocrats. * Tatars were Mongols who conquered Russian cities. * The Middle Ages is known as the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th century. * Gothic architecture is an architectural style developed in Western Europe. Vikings were seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe. * Manorialism was a rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages. * Serfs were peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system. * The three-field system was the practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage. * Clovis was a ki ng of the Franks. * The Carolingians was royal house of Franks. * Charles Martel was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. * Charlemagne was a Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany. Holy Roman emperors were political heirs to Charlemagne’s empire in northern Italy and Germany. * Feudalism was a personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service. * Vassals were members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. * The Capetians were a French dynasty. * William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy. * The Magna Carta represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law. Parliaments are bodies representing privileged groups. * The Hundred Years War was a major conflict between England and France. * Pope Urban II organized the firs t Crusade in 1095. * Investiture is the practice of appointment of bishops * St. Clare of Assisi is the founder of a woman’s monastic order * Gregory VII is a pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops * Thomas Aquinas was a creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning. Scholasticism is a dominant medieval philosophical approach. * Troubadours gave a new value to the emotion of love in Western tradition. * The Hanseatic League was an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance * Jacques Coeur’s career as banker to the French monarchy demonstrates new course of medieval commerce * Guilds stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities * The Black Death significantly reduced Europe’s populati on. Columbus referred to the Native Americans as Indians. * Toltecs established capital at Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. * Aztecs also known as the Mexica established a large empire. * Tenochtitlan became center of Aztec power. * Calpulli were clans in Aztec society. * I think it would be pretty cool to work on a Chinampa. * Pochteca specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. Inca socialism was an interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia * The Inca was a group of clans centered at Cuzco. * Pachacuti began the military campaign that marked the creation of an Inca empire * Huayna Capac brought the empire to its greatest extent * Split inheritance is an Inca practice of ruler descent * Curacas were local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty. * Tambos were supply centers for Inca armies Quipu -system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in plac e of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records * Period of the Six Dynasties -era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han * Wendi -member of prominent northern Chinese family during the era of Six Dynasties; established Sui dynasty in 589, with support from northern nomadic peoples * Li Yuan -Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over the empire after the assassination of Yangdi; 1st Tang ruler * Ministry of Public Rites -administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty * Jinshi -title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office * Chan Buddhism -call Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite * Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism -emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses * Wuzong -Tang emperor (841-847); p ersecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism * Khitan nomads -founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture * Zhao Kuangyin -general who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu * Zhu Xi -most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life * Wang Anshi -Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society * Southern Song -smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history * Jurchens -founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forces Song to flee south * Grand Canal -great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin * Junks -Chinese ship s equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula * Flying money -Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency * Footbinding -male imposed practice to mutilate women’s feet in order to educe size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household * Bi Sheng -11th c artisan; devised technique of printing with movable type; made it possible for China to be the most contemporary literate civilziation * Taika reforms -attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army * Fujiwara -mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power * Bushi -regional warrior leaders i n Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies * Samurai -mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor * Seppuku -ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor * Gumpei wars -waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira * Bakufu -military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai * Shoguns -military leaders of the bakufu Hojo -a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor * Ashikaga Takuaji -member of Minamoto family; overthrew KamaKura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino * Daimyos -warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states * Choson -earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 BCE * Koguryo -tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification * Sinification -extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions * Yi -dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence * Trung Sisters -leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society * Khmers and Chams -Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi * Nguyen -southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that hallenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi * Chinggis Khan -born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; beg an the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 * Tumens -basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units * Tangut -rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; during the southern Song period; conquered by Mongols in 1226 * Shamanistic religion -Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits * Batu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 * Golden Horde -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c * Prester John -a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan * Ilkhan khanate -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire * Hulegu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad * Mamluks -Mu slim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 * Kubilai Khan -grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 * Chabi -influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China * Nestorians -Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions * White Lotus Society -secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty * Ju Yuanzhang -Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty * Timur-i-Lang -last major nomad leader; 14th c, known to the West as Tamerlane; Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 * Ottoman Empire -Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire * Ming Dyn asty -replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China * Zheng He -Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean * Renaissance -cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced iterature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages * Portugal, Castile, and Aragon -regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda * Vivaldi brothers -Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the â€Å"Indies†; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic * Henry the Navigator -Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in last postclassical Europe * Ethnocentrism -judgin g foreigners by the standards of one’s own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history How to cite Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary, Essay examples

Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary Free Essays

Tarek Sahyoun AP World History Unit 3 Vocabulary * Bedouins are pretty much the stereotypical Arabs because of their culture based on herding camels and goats * I would have liked to be a Shaykh if I lived in a Bedouin society because they usually possessed large herds. * It is a Muslim practice to pray toward the city of Mecca. * I was surprised to hear that Muhammad’s flight to Medina began the Muslim calendar. We will write a custom essay sample on Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary or any similar topic only for you Order Now * The Umayyad clan dominated Mecca, and later became a Muslim dynasty. * Muhammad is the prophet that started the religion of Islam, which even today is a major religion. My grandmother reads the Qur’an in her free time. * If one is Muslim, one must always have faith in the Umma. * Muslims must pay zakat to the mosques to allow them to keep functioning. * The Five Pillars are the set of rules that all Muslims must follow. * Caliphs were doubted by many because they took the place of Muhammad although there were no official procedures to have someone follow the prophet. * Ali was the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad. * Abu Bakr had the privilege of succeeding Muhammad as the first caliph. * The Ridda Wars following Muhammad’s death restored the unity of Islam. Jihad was the Islamic holy war. * Mu’awiya was the first Umayyad caliph and had a capital was Damascus * Today, Sunnis make up most of the Muslim population. * Today, Shia’s make up the minority of the Muslim population * Mawali people had many restrictions, although they were granted the right convert to Islam. * Dhimmis were known as â€Å"the people of the book† who originally included the Jews and the Christians. * The Abbasids dynasty succeeded the Umayyads after a long rivalry had ended. * Hadiths are â€Å"traditions† of the prophet Muhammad Wazir was the chief administrative official under the Abbasids * Dhows were used by Arab merchants, and helped them be very successful in quick trade. * The Ayan was the wealthy landed elite that emerged under the Abbasids * Al-Mahdi failed to reconcile Shi’a moderates to his dynasty and to resolve the succession problem. * Harun al-Rashid was the most famous of the Abbasid caliphs * Buyids were Persian invaders of the 10th century that captured Baghdad * The Seljuk Turks were nomadic invaders from central Asia * There have been several accounts of Crusades in history of the world. Salah-ud-Din reconquered most of the crusader kingdoms. * Ibn Khaldun was a great Muslim historian * Al-Razi was a scientist who was incorrect, and classified all matter as animal, vegetable, and mineral. * Al-Biruni –was an advanced scientist who calculated the specific weight of major minerals. * The Ulama was made up of Islamic religious scholars. * Al-Ghazali was a brilliant Islamic theologian * Sufis were Islamic mystics, and spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions. * Mongols were central Asian nomadic peoples, and later had one of the largest empires in the world. Chinggis Khan was a Mongol ruler, who would later play a large role in the history of the Mongols. * Mamluks were rulers of Egypt who descended from Turkish slaves * Muhammad ibn Qasim is respected because he was once the Arab general who conquered Sind and made it part of the Umayyad Empire * Although they are Arabic numerals, they are actually Indian. * Mahmud of Ghazni was ruler of an Afghan dynasty. * Muhammad of Ghur was a Persian rul er of a small Afghan kingdom. * Sati was a very cruel way of dying, for widowed women had to be burned with their deceased husbands. Bhaktic cults were Hindu religious groups who stressed the importance of strong emotional bonds between devotees and the gods or goddesses. * Kabir was Muslim mystic who played down the differences between Hinduism and Islam * Shrivijaya was the trading empire based on the Malacca straits * Malacca was a flourishing trading city in Malaya that was established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya. * Demak was most powerful of the trading states on the north Java coast. Stateless societies -societies of varying sizes organized through kingship and lacking the concentration of power found in centralized states * Maghrib is the Arabic term for northwestern Africa * The Almoravids built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * The Almohadis built an empire reaching from the African savanna into Spain * Ethiopia is a Christian kingdo m in the highlands of eastern Africa * Sahel is the term for the extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara. Sudanic states are states trading with north Africa and mixing Islamic and indigenous ways * Mali is a state of the Malinke people centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers * Juula were Malinke merchants who traded throughout the Mali Empire and west Africa * Mansa was title of the ruler of Mali * Ibn Batuta was an Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world * Kankan Musa was legendary because of the wealth distributed along the way on a pilgrimage to Mecca. * Sundiata created a unified state that became the Mali Empire. * Songhay was the successor state to Mali. * Hausa states combined Islamic and indigenous beliefs. East African trading ports were urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures. * Demographic transition is the term for the change from slow to rapid population growth. * Nok was the central Nigerian culture with a highly devel oped art style. * Yoruba was a highly urbanized Nigerian agriculturists organized into small city-states. * Luba peoples created a form of divine kingship where the ruler had powers ensuring fertility of people and crops. * Great Zimbabwe incorporated the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa * Justinian was a Byzantine emperor who failed to reconquer the western portions of the empire. The Body of Civil Law was the emperor Justinian’s codification of Roman law. * The Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water was known as Greek fire. * Icons are images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians. * Iconoclasm was the action of breaking of icons. * Manzikert was the Seljuk Turk victory which resulted in loss of the empire’s rich Anatolian territory * Cyril and Methodius were Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans. * Kiev was a commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavia ns. Rurik is regarded as founder of Kievan Rus’ in 855. * Vladmir I was a ruler of Kiev that converted kingdom to Orthodox Christianity. * Russian Orthodoxy was a Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire. * Yaroslav was the last great Kievan monarch. * Boyars were Russian land-holding aristocrats. * Tatars were Mongols who conquered Russian cities. * The Middle Ages is known as the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th century. * Gothic architecture is an architectural style developed in Western Europe. Vikings were seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe. * Manorialism was a rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages. * Serfs were peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system. * The three-field system was the practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage. * Clovis was a ki ng of the Franks. * The Carolingians was royal house of Franks. * Charles Martel was the first Carolingian king of the Franks. * Charlemagne was a Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany. Holy Roman emperors were political heirs to Charlemagne’s empire in northern Italy and Germany. * Feudalism was a personal relationship during the Middle Ages by which greater lords provided land to lesser lords in return for military service. * Vassals were members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. * The Capetians were a French dynasty. * William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy. * The Magna Carta represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy, and the supremacy of law. Parliaments are bodies representing privileged groups. * The Hundred Years War was a major conflict between England and France. * Pope Urban II organized the firs t Crusade in 1095. * Investiture is the practice of appointment of bishops * St. Clare of Assisi is the founder of a woman’s monastic order * Gregory VII is a pope who attempted to free church from secular control; quarreled with Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV over practice of lay investiture of bishops * Thomas Aquinas was a creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning. Scholasticism is a dominant medieval philosophical approach. * Troubadours gave a new value to the emotion of love in Western tradition. * The Hanseatic League was an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance * Jacques Coeur’s career as banker to the French monarchy demonstrates new course of medieval commerce * Guilds stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities * The Black Death significantly reduced Europe’s populati on. Columbus referred to the Native Americans as Indians. * Toltecs established capital at Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. * Aztecs also known as the Mexica established a large empire. * Tenochtitlan became center of Aztec power. * Calpulli were clans in Aztec society. * I think it would be pretty cool to work on a Chinampa. * Pochteca specialized in long-distance trade in luxury items. Inca socialism was an interpretation describing Inca society as a type of utopia * The Inca was a group of clans centered at Cuzco. * Pachacuti began the military campaign that marked the creation of an Inca empire * Huayna Capac brought the empire to its greatest extent * Split inheritance is an Inca practice of ruler descent * Curacas were local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty. * Tambos were supply centers for Inca armies Quipu -system of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in plac e of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records * Period of the Six Dynasties -era of continuous warfare (220-589) among the many kingdoms that followed the fall of the Han * Wendi -member of prominent northern Chinese family during the era of Six Dynasties; established Sui dynasty in 589, with support from northern nomadic peoples * Li Yuan -Duke of Tang; minister for Yangdi; took over the empire after the assassination of Yangdi; 1st Tang ruler * Ministry of Public Rites -administered the examinations for state office during the Tang dynasty * Jinshi -title given students who passed the most difficult examinations; became eligible for high office * Chan Buddhism -call Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular among the elite * Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism -emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses * Wuzong -Tang emperor (841-847); p ersecuted Buddhist monasteries and reduced influence of Buddhism in favor of Confucianism * Khitan nomads -founded Liao dynasty of Manchuria in 907; remained a threat to Song; very much influenced by Chinese culture * Zhao Kuangyin -general who founded Song dynasty; took royal name of Taizu * Zhu Xi -most prominent Neo-Confucian scholar during the Song dynasty; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life * Wang Anshi -Confucian scholar and chief minister of a Song ruler in 1070s; introduced sweeping reforms based on Legalism; advocated greater state intervention in society * Southern Song -smaller surviving dynasty (1127-1279); presided over one of the greatest cultural reigns in world history * Jurchens -founders of Jin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forces Song to flee south * Grand Canal -great canal system begun by Yangdi; joined Yellow River region to the Yangtze basin * Junks -Chinese ship s equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula * Flying money -Chinese credit instrument that provided vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of a venture; reduced danger of robbery; an early form of currency * Footbinding -male imposed practice to mutilate women’s feet in order to educe size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household * Bi Sheng -11th c artisan; devised technique of printing with movable type; made it possible for China to be the most contemporary literate civilziation * Taika reforms -attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolutist Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army * Fujiwara -mid-9th c Japanese aristocratic family; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power * Bushi -regional warrior leaders i n Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies * Samurai -mounted troops of the bushi; loyal to local lords, not the emperor * Seppuku -ritual suicide in Japan; also known as hari-kiri; demonstrated courage and was a means to restore family honor * Gumpei wars -waged for five years from 1180 on Honshu between the Taira and Minamoto families; ended in destruction of Taira * Bakufu -military government established by the Minamoto following Gumpei wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai * Shoguns -military leaders of the bakufu Hojo -a warrior family closely allied with the Minamoto; dominated Kamakura regime and manipulated Minamoto rulers; ruled in name of emperor * Ashikaga Takuaji -member of Minamoto family; overthrew KamaKura regime and established Ashikaga shogunate (1336-1573); drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino * Daimyos -warlord rulers of small states following Onin war and disruption of Ashikaga shogunate; holding consolidated into unified and bounded mini-states * Choson -earliest Korean kingdom; conquered by Han in 109 BCE * Koguryo -tribal people of northern Korea; established an independent kingdom in the northern half of the peninsula; adopted cultural Sinification * Sinification -extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions * Yi -dynasty (1392-1910); succeeded Koryo dynasty after Mongol invasions; restored aristocratic dominance and Chinese influence * Trung Sisters -leaders of a rebellion in Vietnam against Chinese rule in 39 CE; demonstrates importance of women in Vietnamese society * Khmers and Chams -Indianized Vietnamese peoples defeated by northern government at Hanoi * Nguyen -southern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that hallenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi * Chinggis Khan -born in 1170s; elected supreme Mongol ruler (khagan) in 1206; beg an the Mongols rise to world power; died 1227 * Tumens -basic fighting units of Mongol forces; made up of 10,000 cavalrymen divided into smaller units * Tangut -rulers of Xi-Xia kingdom of northwest China; during the southern Song period; conquered by Mongols in 1226 * Shamanistic religion -Mongol beliefs focused on nature spirits * Batu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Golden Horde; invaded Russian in 1236 * Golden Horde -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after death of Chinggis Khan; conquered and ruled Russua during the 13th and 14th c * Prester John -a mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan * Ilkhan khanate -one of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid empire * Hulegu -grandson of Chinggis Khan and rule of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad * Mamluks -Mu slim slave warriors; established dynasty in Egypt; led by Baibars defeated Mongols in 1260 * Kubilai Khan -grandson of Chinggis Khan; conquered China; established Yuan dynasty in 1271 * Chabi -influential wife of Kubilai Khan; demonstrated refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Confucian China * Nestorians -Asian Christian sect; cut off from Europe by Muslim invasions * White Lotus Society -secret religious society dedicated to overthrow of Yuan dynasty * Ju Yuanzhang -Chinese peasant who led successful revolt against Yuan; founded Ming dynasty * Timur-i-Lang -last major nomad leader; 14th c, known to the West as Tamerlane; Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405 * Ottoman Empire -Turkish empire established in Asia Minor and eventually extending through the Middle East and the Balkans; conquered Constantinople in 1453 and ended Byzantine Empire * Ming Dyn asty -replaced Mongal Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted large trade expeditions to southern Asia and Africa; later concentrated on internal development within China * Zheng He -Muslim Chinese seaman; commanded expeditions throughout the Indian Ocean * Renaissance -cultural and political elite movement beginning in Italy circa 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; produced iterature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the European Middle Ages * Portugal, Castile, and Aragon -regional Iberian kingdoms; participated in reconquest of peninsula from Muslims; developed a vigorous military and religious agenda * Vivaldi brothers -Genoese explorers who attempted to find a western route to the â€Å"Indies†; precursors of European thrust into southern Atlantic * Henry the Navigator -Portuguese prince; sponsored Atlantic voyages; reflected the forces present in last postclassical Europe * Ethnocentrism -judgin g foreigners by the standards of one’s own group; leads to problems in interpreting world history How to cite Ap World History Chapter 12-14 Vocabulary, Essay examples

Engineering leadership of AusElec Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Engineering leadership of AusElec. Answer: Examples of engineering leadership Trait 1: An acceptance of risks and failures, coupled with an urge to make their staff learn and project that go awry. Example 1: In the year 1970, Bill gates and Paul Allen started a company named Traf-O-Data. The company mainly engages in reading as well as analyzing data from various roadways counter in order to create reports for traffic engineers (Shopify Content - For ambitious people like you 2017). Due to the flawed business model the organization losses $3, 494. However in spite of this, the learning experience that was gained helps in the formation of Microsoft. Bill gates accepted risks as well failures of the project as risk taking is one of the indispensable part of leadership. He embedded the various risk factors into decision procedures for achieving more informed decision. He always has an urge to make the staff of the organization learn but the projects go awry. It is identified that after this failure, Bill Gates increased his awareness and expanded knowledge and as result Microsoft became successful. Example 2: The fire phone concept in Amazon is considered as one of the biggest flop and it occurred under the American technology and retail entrepreneur Jeffrey Bezos. Amazon releases its smartphone in the year 2014 but the phone was unable to compete with iPhones and Android phones and as a result the organization loses $170 million (Fortune.com 2017). Even after this failure the organization continued its struggle in the competitive market and now it is worlds largest retailer. The leader accepted risks and failures within the business and continued its business by making their staff learn. It is identified the leader of the organization utilizes strategy of building a learning culture for counteracts the entire blame game and makes it staff comfortable so that they can able to learn from their failures for achieving success. Trait 2: A talent for building and steering winning teams and knack for attracting and retaining innovators Example 1: In the year 1975, Bill gates created a company named Microsoft. It is identified that despite of the hard work the organization at first experiences number of difficulties. The organization does not have appropriate money to hire sales manager (Astrum People 2017). In spite of the difficulties, the leader continued and as a result in 1977 the organization reached final sales of $500,000 dollars. It is identified that Bill Gates was able to build and steer winning teams and knack for attacking and retaining innovators for achieving success. By adopting several appropriate strategies the leader is able to achieve success. Example 2: Bill Gates is able to make Microsoft as one of leading multinational company. This is achieved due to his talent of building winning as well as steering team. It is identified that Bill Gates has proper talent of making successful teams within the organization for achieving success. It is found that the leader utilizes several strategies for achieving success. Trait 3: A high degree of passion for their mission and for innovation, as well as an ardor for sharing their passion with their staff. Example 1: In the year 1997, Amazon sales achieve a profit of $20,000 in a week and after this success, Jeff Bezos shares his passion with his staffs so that they became determined about their work for achieving success (Fortune.com 2017). The leader utilizes effective strategies or techniques for encouraging team members for achieving success. The leaders must provide appropriate opportunities of self-development as well as helps in fostering collaboration for making the staff of the organization more determined about their work. Example 2: IBM is able to successfully develop mobile projects underthe leadership of GinniRometty (Development 2017). The leader has higher degree of passion for her mission and as a result, the organization successfully develops mobile related projects It is identified that the leader utilizes some strategies for making the project successful. According to research, appropriate team with right expertise is one of the key factors for the success of IBM. The leader shares passion with the staffs and as a result proper collaboration among the team members is created that helps in making the project successful. Case study of AusElec communications plan for project and its difference with traditional plan Audience Information Method Frequency responsible Project Team Managing the budget of the transactional project Video conferencing Weekly Project manager Stakeholders Involvement within the project Voice mail Weekly Project manager Project team Progress of the project E-mail Monthly Project manager Vendors Prices of the raw materials Announcement Whenever required Project manager In traditional communication plan, the project manager of AusElec generally relies on oral communication which includes face to face meeting, and telephonic calls. However, in the modern communication plan the project manager cannot relies fully on the oral communication and therefore he utilizes method that include video conferencing, voice calls and email writing (Heagney2016). In traditional communication plan the project manager can be able to communicate with the stakeholders or team member whenever required. But as inn traditional communication plan, all the team members are dispersed the project manager have to maintain a schedule for making an effective communication. In addition to this, modern communication takes appropriate advantage of networked communication for improving collaboration and for achieving success (Larson and Gray 2013). Email and instant messaging technique can be utilized for enabling the team members of the project to share information related with proje ct very quickly. With the help of videoconferencing the team members can be able to set up appropriate meetings. Benefits of face to face communication for Hytrans The benefits of face to face communication for the success of Hytrans include: Create bond: Face to face communication within the project would be helpful in making Hytrans successful because face to face communication helps in building proper relationship as well as bond among the team members of the organization. Create motivation: It is identified that face communication helps in sensing the actual thinking of the person and therefore it will be advantageous for making Hytrans successful (Snyder 2014). Face to face communication also helps in generating motivation among the team members for making the project successful. Keep misunderstandings away: It is found that in face to face communication, the chances of misunderstanding reduce as team members can clear their queries properly (Swanson, Leader and Landrie 2017). Moreover in other forms of communication, the chances of getting misunderstood get higher. Videoconferencing would be the best option if meeting with team members are not possible. Video conferencing is considered as one of the best option because of the following points: No time constraint: It is identified that video conferencing can be conducted whenever required (Nundyet al. 2014). The time difference that exists between various countries does not matter if the project member will utilize this means of communication. Travel saving: Video conferencing is one of the direct replacement for many business person because no cost is needed for involving within the virtual meeting and therefore utilization of video conferencing helps in saving money. Easy communication: People can utilize the option of video conferencing to communicate with any team member of the project(Heagney 2016).This method is found useful as compared to other as this option helps in keeping misunderstanding way as the team member can see each other while conveying messages. References Astrum People., 2017.Bill Gates Biography: Success Story of Microsoft Co-Founder. [online] Available at: https://astrumpeople.com/bill-gates-biography/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Development, M., 2017.4 secrets of successful mobile development projects. [online] Ibm.com. Available at: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/library/mo-4-secrets-of-successful-mobile-development-projects-trs/index.html [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Fortune.com., 2017.Why Amazons Fire phone failed. [online] Available at: https://fortune.com/2014/09/29/why-amazons-fire-phone-failed/ [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Heagney, J., 2016.Fundamentals of Project Managementw.AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Nundy, S., Dick, J.J., Chou, C.H., Nocon, R.S., Chin, M.H. and Peek, M.E., 2014. Mobile phone diabetes project led to improved glycemic control and net savings for Chicago plan participants.Health Affairs,33(2), pp.265-272. Shopify Content - For ambitious people like you., 2017.Bill Gates' Biggest 7 Failures Shopify. [online] Available at: https://www.shopify.com/content/bill-gates-biggest-7-failures [Accessed 6 Aug. 2017]. Snyder, C.S., 2014. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge: PMBOK () Guide. Project Management Institute. Swanson, L.A., Leader, J. and Landrie-Parker, D., 2017.Effectively Engaging with Indigenous Communities through Multi-Methods Qualitative Data Collection and an Engaged Communications Plan.Engaged Scholar Journal: Community-Engaged Research, Teaching, and Learning,2(1), pp.39-56.

How to Develop a Formidable Freelance Writing Routine to Skyrocket Sales

If you thought top-selling freelance writers just magically developed lengthy rosters of happy clients, you couldn’t be more wrong. Freelance writers who develop long and profitable careers as wordsmiths-for-hire do so based on their willingness to look at their writing talents as a business resource. They know how to maximize their resources to increase their revenue-per-project rate and they know how to hone their abilities to increase their profitability. One of the savviest moves you can make as an on-demand writer is to develop a freelance writing routine. A writing routine can help a freelance writer significantly increase their productivity and can boost their writing quality too. Writing routines help freelance storytellers practice their craft while treating their word-slinger talents like a business resource at the same time. Freelance writers who integrate writing routines into their daily schedule tend to be more proficient at delivering quality content according to their clients’ needs. They are better able to manage their writing schedules and tend to be better at accommodating last-minute writing jobs from clients. How to Develop a Formidable Freelance Writing Routine to Skyrocket Sales Click To Tweet Creating Your Own Freelance Writing Routine So, what is a writing routine and how do you develop one for your freelance writing business? A writing routine is a SOP (standard operating procedure) for your freelance writing endeavors. How you arrange your day, when and where you write, how you upgrade your writing skills, and how you hone your research abilities are all part of developing a strategic writing routine. How you arrange your day, when and where you write, how you upgrade your writing skills, and how you hone your research abilities are all part of developing a strategic writing routine. Click To Tweet Some freelance writers hone their craft by conducting writing research over a morning cup of coffee before tackling client work. Other on-demand writers prefer a morning run or gym session to get their creative juices flowing. Still others work day jobs and tend to client writing in the evenings. How you manage your day (or night) as a freelance writer is up to you (that’s one of the major perks of being a freelancer), but the key is to develop a routine you stick to on an ongoing basis. Craft Your Writing Routine Intentionally Developing a writing routine often comes down to understanding when you are most productive, how you like to conduct writing research, how you like to manage marketing efforts for your freelance writing business, and what your revenue generation goals are. Once you have a clear understanding of these critical components, you are better able to develop a writing routine that meets your needs. A writing routine can consist of checking out the latest content marketing trend research and catching up on client emails before tackling tasks on your editorial calendar. If this is you, be sure to subscribe to the Constant Content blog newsletter. Some freelance writers make a habit of composing their work in rough draft format and then editing their content for conciseness after their initial draft is finished. Other wordsmiths prefer to edit their work as they type, ensuring each paragraph is perfect before proceeding to the next. Just as each writing client is different, so too are individual freelance writers. Writing Routine Options for Freelance Writers To develop a writing routine for your freelance writing business, consider integrating some of the following components into your schedule: Create a daily checklist of tasks you mark off as they’re completed Create a timetable for your day and assign writing projects to specific time periods Use distraction-free writing tools to increase your productivity Use a time-tracking app to measure your productivity Hone your research skills to reduce your research time Write where you feel productive and professional (writing in your pajamas tucked under the covers may be comfortable, but doesn’t convey business professionalism) Use an editing tool like Hemingway App to improve the quality of your writing Take scheduled breaks Schedule marketing activities each day to build your client list Final Thoughts Once you get in the habit of developing a freelance writing routine, you’ll be amazed at how much more writing you can get done and how many more tasks you can cross off your to-do list. Consider developing a writing routine for your freelance writing business and chances are good you’ll feel more in control of the trajectory of your writing career.

Analysis of Tchaikovskys Fantasy Overture Romeo and Juliet essays

Analysis of Tchaikovsky's Fantasy Overture Romeo and Juliet essays A Russian composer known for his colorful and romantic music, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky was born May 7, 1840. He was a composer of the Romantic Period a time when music acquired poetic/philosophical meaning. In accordance with this focus on the arts, Tchaikovsky was an extremely well-read and educated man. Therefore, it was only natural he write a musical interpretation of one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies, Romeo and Juliet, which I had the please of seeing performed by the RPO. The Romeo and Juliet overture is done in sonata-allegro form and contains two major musical themes: the Friar Laurence/Capulet This first theme is broken up into two parts. The music begins as a solemn chorale, much like the music used in the Russian Orthodox Church, here obviously Tchaikovsky is musically representing Friar Lawrence. This section starts off with a series of woodwind instruments, leading to the strings and horns, and coming full circle back to the woodwinds. Tension begins to build as this part of the theme is repeated; the opening wind chords become much faster over plucked strings. The timpani is then added in, making the tempo speed up, leading into the second half of the first theme-the struggle between the Capulets and Montagues. Here, Tchaikovsky brilliantly utilizes a break in the music filled by the crash of the cymbals to indicate a swordfight. Flutes are added in to suggest the scurrying that usually takes place during a battle. Fragments are passed between the woodwinds and strings to illustrate the scrape of metal on metal. Such image painting is a characteristic mark of Tchaikovsky. The first theme is then repeated, and the tempo slows, down decreasing the tension. This is when the transition to the second theme (Love theme) occurs. Like the first theme, the second is also separated into two pa...

The effects of global recession on local economies Essay

The effects of global recession on local economies - Essay Example Multinational and international industries, local industries, government establishments and the consumers themselves are all affected by the changes in the economic standing of the country. Global recession has a great impact on the value of local and international currencies, generally affecting end-users and households. In effect, the buying capability of the consumers goes down. And because of how global recession significantly impacts consumers and local economies, I want to delve deeper into these effects. This paper will discuss the different areas of the local economy such as employment, investment spending, profit and capacity utilization. This will enable us to understand and demonstrate how local economies are able to survive or not. This paper also aims to compare and contrast the different theories associated with recession, like the neoclassical perspective and the Keynesian perspective, and how applicable it is on explaining the effects of global recession on local economies. To know the effects on the local economies at the present time, I will look at the volume of production and service of local companies in contrast to the demands of the market, the unemployment and employment rate and the success or failure of investment projects in contrast to the fluctuations of the value of the local

Organizational stakeholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational stakeholders - Essay Example The external are those outside the organization but still has interest in the organization such as the regulatory agencies and the general public. It is important to understand the role of stakeholders so that the company can act responsibly to its various stakeholders. This understanding of the interest of the various stakeholders in the company can serve as a guide for the company as it craft its strategy and executes its operations making sure that these strategies and corporate acts are consistent with the interest of the various stakeholders of the company. The internal stakeholders have a direct interest in the success of the company but it must be balanced with the interest of the external stakeholders. Minding the interest of internal stakeholders alone may make the company short sighted in its pursuit of satisfying the interest of profit of its internal stakeholders. It should be balanced with the interest of the external shareholders to ensure the long term going concern of the company as it balances its interest for profit with social responsibility. "Understanding Organizational Stakeholders for Design Success."Â  Boxes and Arrows Understanding Organizational Stakeholders for Design Success Comments. 6 May 2004. Web. 8 Mar. 2015.

Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone

Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone Title: Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone This essay explores the concepts of fantasy in Lewis Carrolls ‘Alice in Wonderland and J. K Rowlings ‘Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone. Both authors include an emphasis on the genre of contemporary and juvenile fantasy, containing a main character travelling through a magical world different from their original settings. Their adventures do not begin until either character has entered into the fantasy world. Rowlings world is set adjacent to our own, creating a world within a world; the mysterious world of magic inside the mundane world of ‘muggles. In comparison Carroll takes his heroine Alice into Wonderland, a world where logic is turned upside down. The ‘Alice in Wonderland extract is placed near the end of the novel, as Alice discovers the power and madness of the Queen, taking place after Alice has attended the Mad Hatters tea party. Characters, for example, The Mad Hatter show different attitudes throughout so the reader isnt aware of their development. This is due to the (literal and figurative) change in maturity Alice undergoes. Alice experiences an inverted hierarchy, in which animals have a measure of authority, treating Alice as an inferior. Alice discovers that animals are the subjects of an inanimate object. Inanimate objects register below animals in a social hierarchy. The Queen acts as a ruthless ruler ordering her subjects beheadings. She utilises living creatures as objects, (playing croquet using hedgehogs, and flamingos). Wonderland reverses the conventions as inanimate objects rule the land while living creatures are tools. The ‘Harry Potter extract is placed towards the climax of the novel. Within this chapter Harry is serving detention, proving him to be a human hero through his faults and more relatable to a child audience. This significant extract comes after revealing the Forbidden forests mystery as students are prohibited, but are ordered to enter it now. The fantasy elements in ‘Alice are adapted from Carrolls humour and fantasy appealing to both children and adults. It appeals to children due to the fantasy creatures, (i.e. an anthropomorphic rabbit dressed in a waist coat, and playing cards given the ability to speak). Carroll uses mockery and fantasy to appeal to children; Generally Carrolls style does not seem to follow the fantasy genre conventions consist mostly of surreal features, strangely developed fantasy aspects and childhood games. In ‘Harry Potter, Rowling uses elements from the fantasy genre, in its purest form. Rowling incorporates a balance of mythical and traditional creatures strengthening the idea of the magical and mundane worlds co-existing. Incorporating mythical creatures (i.e. three headed dog, Centaurs and Unicorns); the forest becomes more secret, continuing the mood established. References in the extract carry a sense of mystery and mythological creatures are used to complement the European and Greek mythology. The extract also contains medieval references to weaponry following the medieval reference (‘He pulled out an arrow and fitted it into the crossbow). In medieval Europe, the unicorn was often a symbol of pure and selfless womanhood. Themes are presented to the reader, allowing them to understand what is happening. ‘Alice contains themes of manners and the ability of possessing common courtesy, dating back to the nineteenth century. Children in this era were expected to act as miniature adults; this reflects Alices tone of voice. Alice is an independent girl, making her own decisions, using polite expressions (‘its no business of mine.), also maintaining good manners. This indicates her social status, and ability to identify people within her social class and lower. Alice demonstrates a previously unseen courage. She talks to the Queen with great insolence, attacking the illusion of Wonderlands power. Themes within ‘Harry Potter tie in with the novel. Rowling presents a Hogwarts system of detention, (a form of punishment). Loyalty and friendship, (in spite of their circumstances) are shown. Firenze allows Harry to ride upon his back, showing disloyalty to fellow centaurs, however presenting himself as loyal to Harry. Rowling uses a theme of impassivity, when Harry is presented with a ‘hooded figure, through his belief that he is a mere observer. The use of death connects with the issue of ‘good verses evil during Hagrids search for the unicorns killer (Theres summat in here that shouldnt be), and the anonymity of the ‘hooded figure. The spectacle of the dying unicorn is shocking because it is the first death the reader actually witness, but also because the unicorn is a symbol of innocence and purity (‘Always the innocent are the first victims). Death is shown to be something wrongful and horrid whileevil is presented as ruthless and unfair. Voldemor t drinks the unicorns blood to sustain his own life. Characters in ‘Harry Potter address each other through typical twentieth century styles. (‘He walked forward and shook the centaurs hand). However the centaurs speech is formal, using old-fashioned language (‘Good evening to you, Hagrid), giving the impression of wisdom, linked with the mythical theme. The formality of Banes greeting is reinforced by the conventional interrogative, (‘I hope you are well?). Rowlings use of inverted syntax reinforce the archaic formality (‘Students, are you, Always the innocent are the first victims). Rowling uses idioms in narration (Hermiones jaw dropped) and in dialogue by Hagrid (‘Harry potter an Hermione Ganger, by the way. Students up at the school), the syntax in the extract strengthens the old-fashioned language used by Ronan (‘the forest hides secrets), giving the impression of knowledge reinforced by the balancing phrases by repetition and lack of contradictions. In the extract, the narration is omnis cient, with conventions of writing in third person. Neither author makes a personal comment, remaining neutral. However Rowlings use of a second person narrative, suggests internal thoughts of Harry. However in ‘Alice, narration dominates the extract. There is little dialogue compared to ‘Harry Potter. In these description there are few adjectives used. Whereas In ‘Harry Potter dialogue is frequently used, containing less narration compared to ‘Alice. More description can be found in the narration than the dialogue. Rowlings syntax use a balance of interrogative and directive, while simple sentences (due to the direct speech), are used more often continued by complex, minor and compound structures. This follows the conventions of the genre, and the set style. The majority of syntax used by Carroll consists of complex sentences. This is a style feature continued throughout the novel. Carroll rarely uses simple sentences, contrasting to Rowling. In ‘Alice Carroll uses a clear exploration of language when influencing the mood of the extract. Carrolls use of language shows Alice to be intelligent, while the simplicity in diction show her to be a little girl. Carroll explores the issue of identity through Alices ability to reason, even though she doubts herself. Carroll does this by placing Alice in different situations, demonstrating how she learns a new manner of conversation. In ‘Harry Potter Rowling‘s uses of syntax consists of simple sentence structures due to direct speech, continued then by complex, minor and compound. Throughout extracts there is a frequent use of complex while a rare use of simple structures. In ‘Alice it is Carrolls fascination with language and logic that influence the mood of the novel. In the extract Carroll presents suspense and tension, with the Queens arrival. While in ‘Harry Potter the language creates a sinister mood, carrying suspense, which is focused on, yet left unexplained in the extract. The lexis in ‘Alice is limited, compared to ‘Harry Potter. This is because there is a lack of actions through Carrolls vocabulary limited to descriptions (i.e. ‘suddenly). Conjunctions except for ‘and are used rarely, while adverbs are used, but varied. Adjectives appear not to use vivid descriptions, only limited to ‘small or ‘large. Verbs lack variety some used to reflect Alices childish nature. In language, ‘Harry Potter there is a variety of adjectives, verbs and adverbs to reinforce the vocabulary associated closely with the characters and their traits (‘said Hermione faintly, ‘Hagrid said irritably). The way the author sets apart characters dialogue, allow the readers to recognise the characters by their speech. When making Hagrids speech characteristics, Rowling uses omissions (‘cant be too careful, Ronan), use of contradictions (‘anythin) and phonetically speech through lexis (‘yerself, ‘bin hurt bad). Adjectives are grouped together in pairs (‘long reddish tail), while the comparative adjectives are grouped together in threes (black-haired and (black) bodied and wilder-looking). The uses of verbs are associated with characters or creatures. Personification is used to discuss the Forest, (‘Forest hides many secrets) and comparisons (‘sounded like a cloak trailing along the ground). The Graphology in ‘Alice follows the established convention in earlier chapters. Semi Colons are used in complex sentences, instead of full stop, separating clauses in a list. Colons are used to introduce further clarification (‘he was in livery: otherwise). Italics are used to emphasise a specific point, (‘For instance, if you were inside.), dashes are used to indicate pauses and clarification, and to introduce free indirect speech, sometimes an authorial voice. (‘extraordinary noise going on within- a constant howling and sneezing). Exclamation marks appear in Alices speech; elsewhere in direct speech, by the playing cards (‘your business!) as an emotive function of the language spoken in direct speech, but not in narration. Graphology in ‘Harry Potter follows the conventions of the genre. Question and exclamation are used due to the tense mood Rowling places her characters in, (‘Show yerself Im armed!). Dashes indicate further explanation in the extract, introduce free direct speech and to show hesitation (‘unicorn bin injured would yeh, ‘Erm). Commas, a conventional parenthesis, are used to separate adjective pairings, clauses, and add emphasis within a sentence. Apostrophes are used to explain Hagrids speech, (containing colloquialism) and the contradictions he uses. In ‘Alice apostrophes are used in narration and speech. However Italics are used by both authors to emphasise a specific point. (‘Are there many of them in here?). Finally both authors combine traditional and cultural themes. Stylistically ‘Alice appeals more to adults, due to its density in dialogue and morals; it highlights morals and childish logic which adults find amusing. ‘Harry Potter is widely accessible to many audiences, using fantasy to capture all readers attentions. Contextual Spelling Check 5 alerts Commonly confused words OK Spelling 5 alerts Grammar 56 alerts Use of articles 2 alerts Use of conjunctions OK Use of nouns OK Incorrect use of numbers OK Incorrect use of prepositions OK Pronoun agreement 1 alert Use of adjectives and adverbs 1 alert Comparing two or more things 2 alerts Faulty parallelism 2 alerts Confusing modifiers OK Incorrect use of negatives OK Use of qualifiers and quantifiers OK Subject and verb agreement 4 alerts Verb agreement OK Verb form use OK Modal verbs OK Conditional sentences OK Other 1 alert Sentence structure 4 alerts Wordiness 6 alerts Passive voice use 33 alerts Punctuation 14 alerts Punctuation within a sentence 12 alerts Closing punctuation 1 alert Formal punctuation OK Capitalization 1 alert Style and Word Choice 16 alerts Writing style 2 alerts Vocabulary use 14 alerts WordBooster Suggestions 202 WordBooster 202